Optimal. Leaf size=272 \[ \frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \log \left (-\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \log \left (\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 b^{9/8}}+\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}+1\right )}{4 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 b^{9/8}}+\frac{x}{b} \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.29687, antiderivative size = 272, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 14, number of rules used = 11, integrand size = 13, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.846, Rules used = {321, 214, 212, 208, 205, 211, 1165, 628, 1162, 617, 204} \[ \frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \log \left (-\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \log \left (\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 b^{9/8}}+\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}+1\right )}{4 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 b^{9/8}}+\frac{x}{b} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 321
Rule 214
Rule 212
Rule 208
Rule 205
Rule 211
Rule 1165
Rule 628
Rule 1162
Rule 617
Rule 204
Rubi steps
\begin{align*} \int \frac{x^8}{a+b x^8} \, dx &=\frac{x}{b}-\frac{a \int \frac{1}{a+b x^8} \, dx}{b}\\ &=\frac{x}{b}-\frac{\sqrt{-a} \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{-a}-\sqrt{b} x^4} \, dx}{2 b}-\frac{\sqrt{-a} \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{-a}+\sqrt{b} x^4} \, dx}{2 b}\\ &=\frac{x}{b}-\frac{\sqrt [4]{-a} \int \frac{1}{\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt [4]{b} x^2} \, dx}{4 b}-\frac{\sqrt [4]{-a} \int \frac{1}{\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2} \, dx}{4 b}-\frac{\sqrt [4]{-a} \int \frac{\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt [4]{b} x^2}{\sqrt{-a}+\sqrt{b} x^4} \, dx}{4 b}-\frac{\sqrt [4]{-a} \int \frac{\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2}{\sqrt{-a}+\sqrt{b} x^4} \, dx}{4 b}\\ &=\frac{x}{b}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 b^{9/8}}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 b^{9/8}}-\frac{\sqrt [4]{-a} \int \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}+x^2} \, dx}{8 b^{5/4}}-\frac{\sqrt [4]{-a} \int \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}+x^2} \, dx}{8 b^{5/4}}+\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \int \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a}}{\sqrt [8]{b}}+2 x}{-\frac{\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}-x^2} \, dx}{8 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}+\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \int \frac{\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a}}{\sqrt [8]{b}}-2 x}{-\frac{\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}-x^2} \, dx}{8 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}\\ &=\frac{x}{b}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 b^{9/8}}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 b^{9/8}}+\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}+\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}\\ &=\frac{x}{b}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 b^{9/8}}+\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \tan ^{-1}\left (1+\frac{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 b^{9/8}}+\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}-\frac{\sqrt [8]{-a} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt{2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt{2} b^{9/8}}\\ \end{align*}
Mathematica [A] time = 0.114981, size = 367, normalized size = 1.35 \[ \frac{\sqrt [8]{a} \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (-2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{b} x \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )+\sqrt [4]{a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )-\sqrt [8]{a} \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{b} x \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )+\sqrt [4]{a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )+\sqrt [8]{a} \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (-2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{b} x \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )+\sqrt [4]{a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )-\sqrt [8]{a} \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{b} x \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )+\sqrt [4]{a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )-2 \sqrt [8]{a} \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x \sec \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )}{\sqrt [8]{a}}-\tan \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )\right )-2 \sqrt [8]{a} \cos \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x \sec \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )}{\sqrt [8]{a}}+\tan \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )\right )+2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\cot \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )-\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x \csc \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )}{\sqrt [8]{a}}\right )-2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sin \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [8]{b} x \csc \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )}{\sqrt [8]{a}}+\cot \left (\frac{\pi }{8}\right )\right )+8 \sqrt [8]{b} x}{8 b^{9/8}} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [C] time = 0.016, size = 34, normalized size = 0.1 \begin{align*}{\frac{x}{b}}-{\frac{a}{8\,{b}^{2}}\sum _{{\it \_R}={\it RootOf} \left ( b{{\it \_Z}}^{8}+a \right ) }{\frac{\ln \left ( x-{\it \_R} \right ) }{{{\it \_R}}^{7}}}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} -\frac{\frac{1}{16} \, a{\left (\frac{2 \, \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x + \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}\right )}{a} + \frac{2 \, \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x - \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}\right )}{a} + \frac{2 \, \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x + \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}\right )}{a} + \frac{2 \, \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x - \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}\right )}{a} + \frac{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}}\right )}{a} - \frac{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} - x \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}}\right )}{a} + \frac{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}}\right )}{a} - \frac{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} - x \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}}\right )}{a}\right )}}{b} + \frac{x}{b} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [B] time = 1.40089, size = 972, normalized size = 3.57 \begin{align*} -\frac{4 \, \sqrt{2} b \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \arctan \left (-\frac{\sqrt{2} b^{8} x \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{7}{8}} - \sqrt{2} \sqrt{\sqrt{2} b x \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + b^{2} \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}} + x^{2}} b^{8} \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{7}{8}} - a}{a}\right ) + 4 \, \sqrt{2} b \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \arctan \left (-\frac{\sqrt{2} b^{8} x \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{7}{8}} - \sqrt{2} \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} b x \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + b^{2} \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}} + x^{2}} b^{8} \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{7}{8}} + a}{a}\right ) + \sqrt{2} b \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \log \left (\sqrt{2} b x \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + b^{2} \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}} + x^{2}\right ) - \sqrt{2} b \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \log \left (-\sqrt{2} b x \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + b^{2} \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}} + x^{2}\right ) + 8 \, b \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \arctan \left (-\frac{b^{8} x \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{7}{8}} - \sqrt{b^{2} \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}} + x^{2}} b^{8} \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{7}{8}}}{a}\right ) + 2 \, b \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \log \left (b \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + x\right ) - 2 \, b \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \log \left (-b \left (-\frac{a}{b^{9}}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + x\right ) - 16 \, x}{16 \, b} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [A] time = 0.345156, size = 22, normalized size = 0.08 \begin{align*} \operatorname{RootSum}{\left (16777216 t^{8} b^{9} + a, \left ( t \mapsto t \log{\left (- 8 t b + x \right )} \right )\right )} + \frac{x}{b} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [B] time = 1.19555, size = 586, normalized size = 2.15 \begin{align*} -\frac{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x + \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}\right )}{8 \, b} - \frac{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x - \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}\right )}{8 \, b} - \frac{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x + \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}\right )}{8 \, b} - \frac{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, x - \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}}}\right )}{8 \, b} - \frac{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}}\right )}{16 \, b} + \frac{\sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} - x \sqrt{\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}}\right )}{16 \, b} - \frac{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}}\right )}{16 \, b} + \frac{\sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} - x \sqrt{-\sqrt{2} + 2} \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{8}} + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{4}}\right )}{16 \, b} + \frac{x}{b} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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